2008-11-03

試譯:紐約時報社論-跛鴨高峰會(Lame Duck Summit)

布希總統的任期止剩下兩個月的任期,已經進入所謂的跛腳鴨的狀況。不過面對目前仍然持續的金融風暴,跛腳鴨的布希總統仍然跟法國總統沙庫奇聯合在11月15日召開高峰會議。
雖然沙庫奇現在是歐盟輪值主席,但是歐盟部分國家對於法國這個作法仍是有疑慮,準備推出德國的梅克爾跟沙庫奇抗衡。
紐約時報的社論對於布希總統這樣的作法,也有意見,原文引用自此

The New York Times/Editorial
Lame Duck Summit
Published: November 3, 2008

President Bush will be the lamest of ducks by Nov. 15, when leaders of 20 nations meet in Washington to discuss the global financial crisis. With only two months left in office, he will not be around to implement any policy changes he proposes or agrees to.
當20個國家的領袖11月15日在華盛頓會面討論全球金融風暴,布希總統將是最跛腳的鴨子。距離他離開白宮的辦公室只剩下兩個月的任期,他將不會對於他提出或同意的政策有任何的改變。

Mr. Bush’s bigger problem is his utter lack of credibility when it comes to the central question of how to regulate national and global financial markets to ensure that this disaster never happens again. Eight years and a huge financial crash later, and Mr. Bush is still extolling the corrective powers of unrestrained markets.
布希總統最大的問題在他的發言讓人民缺乏信任感,當核心問題如何調整全球各國間的金融市場來確保這個風暴再也不會發生。在經過8年與大型的金融崩潰之後,布希總統仍然歌頌無限制的市場的糾正權力。

Still, the meeting could not, and should not, wait until a more opportune time in America’s political cycle. With the world entering a United States-led recession, the global economic powers need to air their concerns and global markets need to see that political leaders are ready to work together to restore stability.
儘管如此,這次會議不能也不應該在等美國的政治週期循環中夠恰當的時機。當世界進入了一個以美國為首的經濟衰退,世界各個經濟強權都需要公開表達他們的關切,而全球金融市場需要看到政治領導人已經準備好共同努力合作恢復市場的穩定性。

What this first meeting should not do is try to impose any real policy changes. With the crisis still unfolding, it’s too soon for extensive reforms. Philosophical differences are also too deep and with Mr. Bush on his way out, the Americans are in no position to sign anything.
而首次會議上不應該嘗試去強制改變任何實際實行的政策。目前危機仍然持續著,所以大規模的改革可能言之過早。由於理念上的差距太深而與脫離布希總統的路線,因此美國人沒有立場簽署任何事務。

When he first proposed a meeting last month, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France called for everything from the “moralization of financial markets” to stricter bank supervision and government aid for national industries. Mr. Bush emphasized the need to preserve “free markets, free enterprise and free trade.”
當法國總統尼可拉斯‧沙庫奇上個月首次提議這個會議,他對於所有項目都提出要求,從「金融市場的道德」到「嚴格監督銀行」及「政府援助國營產業」。布希總統則強調要保留「自由市場、自由企業與自由貿易」的需求。

The two finally agreed that the meeting would “review progress” on settling the crisis and “seek agreement on principles of reform.” At this point even that is probably too much.
雙方最後商定會議將對於解決危機的「進程回顧」,並「對於改革尋求一致的原則」,不過這點可能太過多餘。

The summit meeting could still be useful if the leaders used it to begin a serious discussion about the roots of the financial crisis and agree to a series of future meetings to discuss substantive reforms.
如果領導人藉此機會展開認真地討論有關金融危機的根源並同未來將進行一系列會議針對實質性改革的會議,高峰會議仍可能是有其效果的。

They could start the process by calling for formation of an international high-level group of nongovernment experts to analyze the causes and implications of the crisis. Once there is some agreement, another group of experts could lay out a list of potential policy changes. That would give the next president a running start.
藉由呼籲成立一個由非政府專家所組成的國際高層級小組來分析金融危機發生的原因與衝擊來展開此一程序。一旦達成部分協議,另一組專家可以列出潛在政策變化的清單。這可以讓下任總統一個正在運作的開頭。

We congratulate Mr. Bush for insisting that the invitation list be expanded beyond the wealthiest industrial nations to include other economically important ones like China, India, Australia and Brazil. They are also being hard hit by the made-in-America crisis, as turmoil in the financial markets weakens economies worldwide, threatening vital trade. And these countries deserve a voice in any long-term solution.
我們恭喜布希總統堅持要求擴大高峰會議的邀請名單,除了最富有的國家外,包括其他經濟上重要的國家如中國、印度、澳大利亞與巴西等國也被列入邀請。一個動盪的金融市場會削弱全球經濟,威脅重要的貿易活動,使得這些國家也被「美國製造」的金融危機重擊。而這些國家理應在長期的解決方案中可以發聲表態。

We’d like to believe that Mr. Bush, after eight years of disdaining diplomacy and anything with the word multilateral attached to it, has finally figured that the United States cannot go it alone.
我們想要相信布希總統,在經過八年後,將任何的輕蔑外交手段都加上「多邊」這個詞彙後,終於發現美國無法單獨成事。

Given the country the next president will inherit — heavily indebted, oil-dependent and the source of the prevailing financial calamity — he will be in no position to dictate terms to the rest of the world. If the Nov. 15 meeting can set the stage for real collaboration, it will be a success.
鑑於美國下任總統將繼承一個沈重負債,依賴石油與仍在持續存在的金融災難的狀況。他將沒有立場向世界其他地區提出要求。如果11月15日的會議可以為真正的合作佈置好舞台,這就成功了。

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